The current Aurora is a Kp'.$kp_now.' (on a scale of 0-9) and will cover all of Iceland from '.$arrivaltime.'.', 'kpstatus_1b' => '
The current Aurora is a Kp'.$kp_now.' (on a scale of 0-9) and will cover northern Iceland from '.$arrivaltime.'.', 'kpstatus_2a' => 'Viewed from Reykjavík, when active,', 'kpstatus_1an' => '
The current Aurora is a Kp'.$kp_now.' (on a scale of 0-9) and is covering all of Iceland.', 'kpstatus_1bn' => '
The current Aurora is a Kp'.$kp_now.' (on a scale of 0-9) and is covering northern Iceland.', 'kpstatus_2as' => 'Viewed from Reykjavík,', 'kpstatus_3a' => 'the Aurora is positioned closely to the NNW horizon and may not be seen from further south than Hella.
', 'kpstatus_4a' => 'the Aurora is positioned above the NNW horizon. When viewing the Aurora from the South Coast, seek higher ground and avoid mountains in a NNE-NNW direction where possible.', 'kpstatus_5a' => 'the Aurora is positioned between the NNW horizon and the Big Dipper (Ursa Major) star constellation. In addition it covers the Faroe Islands and northern-mid Scandinavia. ', 'kpstatus_6a' => 'the Aurora is positioned between the NNW horizon and above the city. In addition it covers the Faroe Islands and northern-mid Scandinavia.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend to the northern UK and Ireland, southern Scandinavia.
', 'kpstatus_7a' => 'the Aurora can be visible above the city and in all directions. In addition it covers the Faroe Islands, middle Scandinavia and the northern UK.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend to the mid UK and Ireland, southern Scandinavia, the Netherlands, northern Germany and northern Poland.
', 'kpstatus_8a' => 'the Aurora can be visible in all directions but is likely positioned toward the southern horizon. In addition it covers the UK and Ireland, northern-mid Germany and Poland, the Netherlands and Belgium and northern France.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend further south of these locations, especially at higher altitudes above 700m above sea level.
', 'kpstatus_9a' => 'the Aurora can be visible in all directions but is likely positioned toward the southern horizon. In addition it covers the UK and Ireland, mid Germany and Poland, the Netherlands and Belgium and northern-mid France.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend further south of these locations, especially at higher altitudes above 700m above sea level.
', 'kpstatus_10a' => 'the Aurora can be visible in all directions but is likely positioned toward the southern horizon. In addition it covers most of central Europe.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend further south of these locations, especially at higher altitudes above 700m above sea level.
', 'kpstatus_11E' => 'Invalid Kp index value.
', 'kpstatus_1af' => 'The Aurora will remain at the same reach.', 'kpstatus_1bf' => 'The Aurora will expand to a Kp'.$kp_future.'.', 'kpstatus_1cf' => 'The Aurora will contract to a Kp'.$kp_future.'.', 'kpstatus_1anf' => 'The Kp'.$kp_future.' will cover all of Iceland from '.$arrivaltime_future.'.', 'kpstatus_1bnf' => '
The Kp'.$kp_future.' will cover northern Iceland from '.$arrivaltime_future.'.', 'kpstatus_2asf' => 'Viewed from Reykjavík, when active,', 'kpstatus_3af' => 'the Aurora will be positioned closely to the NNW horizon and may not be seen from further south than Hella.
', 'kpstatus_4af' => 'the Aurora will be positioned above the NNW horizon. When viewing the Aurora from the South Coast, seek higher ground and avoid mountains in a NNE-NNW direction where possible.', 'kpstatus_5af' => 'the Aurora will be positioned between the NNW horizon and the Big Dipper (Ursa Major) star constellation. In addition it might cover the Faroe Islands and northern-mid Scandinavia. ', 'kpstatus_6af' => 'the Aurora will be positioned between the NNW horizon and above the city. In addition it might cover the Faroe Islands and northern-mid Scandinavia.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend to the northern UK and Ireland, southern Scandinavia.
', 'kpstatus_7af' => 'the Aurora might be visible above the city and in all directions. In addition it might cover the Faroe Islands, middle Scandinavia and the northern UK.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend to the mid UK and Ireland, southern Scandinavia, the Netherlands, northern Germany and northern Poland.
', 'kpstatus_8af' => 'the Aurora might be visible in all directions but might likely be positioned toward the southern horizon. In addition it might cover the UK and Ireland, northern-mid Germany and Poland, the Netherlands and Belgium and northern France.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend further south of these locations, especially at higher altitudes above 700m above sea level.
', 'kpstatus_9af' => 'the Aurora might be visible in all directions but might likely be positioned toward the southern horizon. In addition it might cover the UK and Ireland, mid Germany and Poland, the Netherlands and Belgium and northern-mid France.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend further south of these locations, especially at higher altitudes above 700m above sea level.
', 'kpstatus_10af' => 'the Aurora might be visible in all directions but might likely be positioned toward the southern horizon. In addition it might cover most of central Europe.During active periods, visibility is likely to extend further south of these locations, especially at higher altitudes above 700m above sea level.
', 'kpstatus_11EF' => 'Invalid Kp index value.
', 'bz_high' => 'strong auroras may occur frequently within the next 30 minutes and beyond. Follow the below magnetometer graph.', 'bz_high_future' => 'strong auroras may occur frequently once conditions have arrived on earth and propagated.', 'bz_med' => 'medium to strong auroras may occur over the next 30-60 minutes or once magnetometer data fluctuates by, or drops to, -100nT. Follow the below magnetometer graph.', 'bz_med_future' => 'medium to strong auroras are likely under these conditions, especially if the previous hour has seen mostly negative Bz activity.', 'bz_low' => 'the aurora is charging and low to medium activity may increase in the next 30 to 60 minutes. Follow the magnetometer graph.', 'bz_low_future' => 'the aurora will begin "charging" and activity is likely to increase within 30-60 minutes after having arrived on earth.', 'bz_else' => 'very light auroras may be visible on camera once magnetometer activity deviates by more than +/-50nT. The aurora will likely be positioned just above the horizon in a NNE to NNW direction.', 'bz_else_future' => 'very light auroras might form after 60 minutes or longer, but keep an eye out on magnetometer data once the conditions have arrived on Earth.', 'bz_under_cond' => "Under the current conditions,", 'bz_once_cond' => "Once these conditions arrive on earth,", 'bz_summary_south' => "As a reference, the Bz-index has been negative (south) for $pctgNegBz% of time, or a total of $timeNegBz minutes over the last $totalMinutes minutes with an average of $avgBz nT and a low of $maxNegBz nT. The Bz-Index is a key "ingredient" to the creation of the aurora, as it indicates whether energy is building up.
", 'bz_summary_south_future' => "The Bz-index will be negative (south) for $pctgNegBzFut% of time, or a total of $timeNegBzFut minutes over the next $totalMinutesFut minutes with an average of $avgBzFut nT and a low of $maxNegBzFut nT.
The Bz-Index is a key "ingredient" to the creation of the aurora, as it indicates whether energy is building up.
", 'bz_summary_north' => 'The Bz index is currently positive (north facing). It is unlikely that strong activity will build up under such conditions. The Bz index is one of the important "ingredients" for the formation of the Northern Lights, as it indicates whether the particles of the solar wind are (re)connecting with the magnetic field and thus create energy for the formation of the Northern Lights. This is achieved most efficiently when it is facing south (negative).
', 'bz_summary_north_future' => 'The Bz-index will be positive (north). It is unlikely for activity to build unless Bz is negative. The Bz-Index is a key "ingredient" to the creation of the aurora, as it indicates whether energy is building up.
', 'inactive_desc' => 'Aurora activity is currently weak and it is unlikely to see it by eye or through a camera.
', 'charging_desc' => 'Aurora activity is building up. When activity is building, energy is being gathered and a release may follow shortly if solar wind conditions are good, ie. Bz has been negative. Some Aurora activity might be visible on camera if nT is positive 50nT or higher.
', 'activating_desc' => 'The Aurora is activating and the magnetometer is sinking. Once the magnetometer drops rapidly and falls below 0nT the Aurora is active and should be visible to the naked eye if nT is -100nT or below, or a total nT dropped.
', 'active_desc' => 'The Aurora is now visible in areas covered by the auroral oval, provided there is sufficient darkness (refer to the Kp index and map above for positioning). If the magnetic disturbance index is lower than -100nT, the Aurora should be visible to the naked eye under moderately dark conditions. Aurora activity can change rapidly and may be short-lived, appear in bursts, or be faint. It is highly unpredictable how the Aurora will manifest. Using a camera can help reveal faint auroral lights.
', 'very_active_desc' => 'The Aurora should be rather noticeable now and get stronger as nT lowers below -250nT. Depending on Kp (4 or higher) the Aurora might be positioned in numerous locations across all directions. Use a camera to pick up fainter lights.
', 'weakening_desc' => 'Energy has been released and activity is declining. The Aurora might still be faintly visible, or not at all. This may be temporary but if readings are between 50nT to -50nT, new energy needs to build up. Refer to the Solar Wind data for more information.
', 'inactive_status' => 'Inactive', 'charging_status' => 'Charging', 'activating_status' => 'Activating', 'active_status' => 'Active', 'very_active_status' => 'Very Active', 'weakening_status' => 'Weakening', 'mag_content_btn' =>"Understanding Magnetometer Readings", 'mag_content_h2' =>"Aurora Chasers Info", 'mag_content' =>"This magnetometer section contains data from both the magnetometer in Tromsø and the magnetometer in Reykjavík (Leirvogi). These locations are at latitudes from 69 to 64 degrees north – the Arctic Circle is at 66 degrees north – and allow us to measure aurora activity over a wide area. With these two measurements, it is possible to identify the intensity and also the approximate location of the lights.
Tromsø (69° N): When the Tromsø magnetometer shows increased activity, increased aurora activity can be expected towards the northern (NNE to NNW) horizon. However, weather and atmospheric conditions can affect visibility.
Reykjavík (64° N): Increased readings here indicate northern lights near Iceland, often visible towards the Big Dipper (Ursa Major) (Kp2 to Kp3-4) or directly overhead or towards the southern horizon (Kp4 or higher), when viewed from Reykjavík. The further North you are in Iceland, the better the chances of seeing strong northern lights even with low Kp factors. Staying in the South, you need at least Kp2.
Inactivity: Auroras typically become visible when magnetometer readings approach or exceed ±50nT.
Charging Phase: When magnetometers rise above 50nT, it suggests that geomagnetic activity is increasing, and the field is "charging".
Substorm Activity (Active or Very Active): These are usually indicated by sharp drops in magnetometer readings, measuring a decline of 100nT from the starting position or falling below -100nT. Very active substorms will drop well below -250nT and lower.
Weakening Phase: After a substorm, if readings rise from below a negative value, it indicates that the energy is dissipating.
Positive readings above 50nT that are rising generally indicate building geomagnetic activity.
Visibility of the aurora by eye starts from ±50nT, depending on atmospheric conditions, light pollution and other factors.
Readings around or above 100nT suggest auroras might be visible whilst continuing to build energy.
Significant drops below -100nT or sudden changes in readings often signal substorm activity, meaning strong aurora displays.
By monitoring these readings, you can better predict and observe the mesmerizing auroras, whether you're a novice or a seasoned chaser. Always consider local weather conditions and light pollution for the best viewing experience.
", 'footer' => "Emerald Skies would like to thank Tromsø Geophysical Observatory at UiT the Arctic University of Norway for providing data from the Tromsø Magnetic Observatory.", 'privacy_link' => "Privacy Policy", 'privacy_title' => "Emerald Skies' privacy and data policy", 'h1_privacy_policy' => "Privacy Disclaimer", 'privacy_policy' =>"Emerald Skies values your privacy and is committed to being transparent about the data collected to enhance your experience on the website. Here's a quick overview of the privacy practices:
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